What conditions or symptoms indicate the need for knee replacement surgery?

Knee replacement surgery is recommended when chronic knee pain, stiffness, or loss of function severely impacts daily life and does not respond to non-surgical treatments. It is commonly performed to treat conditions such as severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and joint deformities. These conditions can lead to progressive joint damage, causing significant discomfort and limiting mobility.
Symptoms that may indicate the need for knee replacement include persistent pain that worsens with activity or at rest, limited range of motion, and instability (such as the knee giving way). Chronic swelling and a visible deformity like bow-legged or knock-kneed appearance are also warning signs. X-rays showing bone-on-bone contact or advanced cartilage loss often confirm the severity of joint damage.
When conservative treatments such as physical therapy, pain medications, weight management, and corticosteroid injections fail to provide lasting relief, knee replacement surgery may be necessary. The procedure involves replacing the damaged joint surfaces with artificial components, which help restore smooth joint movement and relieve pain. Advances in surgical techniques, including minimally invasive approaches and custom-fitted implants, have improved recovery times and outcomes. Most patients experience significant pain relief, improved mobility, and a better quality of life after knee replacement surgery.
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